Curiosity report, Sols 2163-2256, by Emily Lakdawalla, The Planetary Society

20181206_2217MH0001630000803045R00_DXXXIt’s been a challenging few months on the Curiosity mission, but the team’s hard work and persistence has saw them recover from a major computer anomaly and make progress on science goals at Vera Rubin ridge. Curiosity has been exploring the ridge since sol 1809, trying to drill into four distinct rock types. The ridge rocks have proven tough to drill, but the work is almost done. With a third successful drill site at Highfield on sol 2224, they’re ready to tackle the last ridge challenge, a drill site in a particularly red-colored rock.

I’ll describe the computer problem first, then give an update on the science operations. But before I do either of those things, just for fun: a video of a herd of dust devils! It’s getting windy in Gale. (…)

The B-side Anomaly

On September 15 (sol 2172), engineers noticed the rover behaving oddly: it was not transmitting any saved science or engineering data, but could transmit engineering data acquired in real time as long as it was communicating with the Deep Space Network or an orbiter. The rover was perfectly healthy, having no issues running any of its vital systems, but had lost access to the part of its memory where it stores data for later retrieval. The data structure of that part of the rover’s memory had become corrupted, and the rover couldn’t access it. This was, clearly, a serious problem for science, but fortunately didn’t threaten the safety of the rover.

Still, the fact that the rover couldn’t store information for later retrieval made it very difficult to troubleshoot the issue. The mission determined that the best course of action was to swap to the backup computer; once they were on the backup, they’d be able to troubleshoot the (formerly) main computer. Curiosity has been operating on its B-side computer for nearly 2000 sols, ever since sol 200, when a serious problem occurred in the A-side computer’s flash memory. It took until sol 772 to recertify the A-side computer for use as a backup to the B-side computer; a software patch now prevents the A-side computer from using half of its flash memory… [More at link]

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HiRISE: Eastern slope of Asimov Crater’s central pit

ESP_057522_1330Asimov is an 84-kilometer diameter crater located in the southern ancient highlands of Mars. It is distinguished from other craters in this region in that it contains both a ring-depression just within the crater rim and a pit near the center.

Gullies have formed along slopes both in the ring-depression and within the central pit. A closeup shows gullies and recurring slope lineae (RSL) along the eastern slope of the pit. These features continue to form seasonally in this region and the HiRISE team monitors this and other sites to look for changes….

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THEMIS: Active dune field in Noachis

Crater dunes in Noachis (THEMIS_IOTD_20181213)THEMIS Image of the Day, December 13, 2018. Today’s VIS image shows sand dunes on the floor of an unnamed crater in Noachis Terra.

These dunes are likely active because they are dark, indicating that they move often enough to shake off the light-toned dust.

Outside the dune field, the soft appearance of the terrain suggests it is mantled with some material, perhaps ice-rich dust.

See more THEMIS Images of the Day by geological subject.

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Weather update from Gale Crater

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HiRISE: Slope streaking

ESP_057080_1915We have been monitoring the slope streaks on this hill for several years. There are definitive changes between this September 2018 image and a previous one in December 2016. Earlier streaks have since faded and new, darker streaks are visible. These streaks are tens of meters wide.

These features are small avalanches of dust and sand from the hillsides. The surface dust is lighter in color, but when it avalanches away, it reveals underlying larger-grained sand particles that are much darker. Over time, the dust slowly rains down from the atmosphere and the streaks fade as they are coated with dust.

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Curiosity update: Makin’ the most of it

NRA_597777972EDR_F0731104NCAM00353M_-br2Sol 2257, December 11, 2018, update by MSL scientist Brittney Cooper: Even on Mars, where every second of Curiosity’s sol is planned, things don’t always go quite as expected. This morning we learned that Curiosity didn’t complete her planned drive yesterday and instead stopped at the mid-drive point. We had to decide whether to finish the remainder of the previously planned drive, or bump towards a red Jura candidate and potential drill target in today’s plan.

After some thoughtful discussion, we decided to make the most of where Curiosity ended up, and planned a bump toward the nearby target “Rock Hall” (located to the right of centre in the image above). Targeted ChemCam LIBS and Mastcam multispectral observations were then planned to characterize Rock Hall and confirm if it’s a member of the red Jura. Tosol’s bump will have Curiosity set up for drilling… [More at link]

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InSight: First selfie

PIA22876_hiresNASA’s InSight lander isn’t camera-shy. The spacecraft used a camera on its robotic arm to take its first selfie – a mosaic made up of 11 images. This is the same imaging process used by NASA’s Curiosity rover mission, in which many overlapping pictures are taken and later stitched together. Visible in the selfie are the lander’s solar panel and its entire deck, including its science instruments.

Mission team members have also received their first complete look at InSight’s “workspace” – the approximately 14-by-7-foot (4-by-2-meter) crescent of terrain directly in front of the spacecraft. This image is also a mosaic composed of 52 individual photos.

In the coming weeks, scientists and engineers will go through the painstaking process of deciding where in this workspace the spacecraft’s instruments should be placed. They will then command InSight’s robotic arm to carefully set the seismometer (called the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure, or SEIS) and heat-flow probe (known as the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package, or HP3) in the chosen locations. Both work best on level ground, and engineers want to avoid setting them on rocks larger than about a half-inch (1.3 cm).

“The near-absence of rocks, hills and holes means it’ll be extremely safe for our instruments,” said InSight’s Principal Investigator Bruce Banerdt of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. “This might seem like a pretty plain piece of ground if it weren’t on Mars, but we’re glad to see that.” [More at link]

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THEMIS: Asimov Crater rim and infill

Asimov Crater rim and infill (THEMIS_IOTD_20181212)THEMIS Image of the Day, December 12, 2018. Located in Noachis Terra, Asimov Crater has an unusual crater floor morphology.

At some point after the crater formed, the interior was filled by materials that reached almost to the top of the crater rim. At some later point, deep depressions formed along the inner crater rim. Channels dissect both sides of these depressions.

The mechanism of both the filling of the crater and the formation of the depressions is not known. Two other nearby craters also have filled floors and interior depressions. This VIS image shows the southwestern section of the interior depression.

See more THEMIS Images of the Day by geological subject.

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Curiosity update: Hunt for red Jura continues

NLA_597690209EDR_F0731010NCAM00291M_-br2Sol 2256, December 10, 2018, update by MSL scientist Rachel Kronyak: After a successful weekend of activities and driving, we were hopeful that we would wake up on Sol 2256 and be ready for contact science and drilling. Unfortunately, Mars had other plans; similar to Friday’s planning, our workspace turned out to be just as fractured and unsuitable for drilling, so onward we go in search for a drill target elsewhere (again)! Our first two attempts at finding drillable red Jura were unlucky, so this time, we’ll try our luck and head towards a third candidate drill location, called “Region C.” Fingers crossed that the third time’s the charm!

The plan for Sol 2256 includes a nice long science block before we drive. During the science block, we’ll collect ChemCam data on two targets: “Sandy Haven,” a small soil patch, and “Tarness Haven,” a block of reddish outcrop in front of the rover. We’ll also acquire a Mastcam multispectral mosaic looking ahead towards Region C to assess for color variations that will help us determine where the best red Jura location for drilling may be. The environmental group will also be acquiring some Navcam observations to monitor the atmosphere; these include a line of sight image and a dust devil movie…. [More at link]

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HiRISE: The enduring charm of spiders

ESP_056927_0940Araneiform terrain (colloquially: spider-like terrain) is located in the south polar region of Mars and evolves in appearance over the spring and summer. In the season shown here, the thin bright lines on the surface (the spider legs) are troughs and many of these features have dark fan-shaped markings emanating from them.

Our current theory for how these patterns are formed is that during winter a carbon dioxide ice layer develops over the surface. When sun rays strike this surface, this carbon dioxide ice acts in a similar way to our atmosphere: it allows the sun light to penetrate but traps the infrared radiation creating a greenhouse-like effect… [More at link]

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