ExoMars 2020: FiT for Mars

ExoFiT_rover_in_Chile_node_full_image_2Rovers are versatile explorers on the surface of other planets, but they do need some training before setting off. A model of Rosalind Franklin rover that will be sent to Mars in 2021 is scouting the Atacama Desert, in Chile, following commands from mission control in the United Kingdom, over 11,000 km away.

The ExoFiT field campaign simulates ExoMars operations in every key aspect. During the trial, the rover drove from its landing platform and targets sites of interest to sample rocks in the Mars-like landscapes of the Chilean desert.

ESA’s human and robotic exploration director, David Parker, explains “we call these tests ‘ExoFit’ – meaning ExoMars-like Field Testing. The results will help us prepare the real Rosalind Franklin rover for the challenge of safe operation far across the Solar System.”

The team behind the exercise, a mix of scientists and engineers, is simulating all the challenges of a real mission on the Red Planet, including communication delays, local weather conditions and tight deadlines.

“We make teleoperations as martian as possible,” explains Juan Delfa, ESA’s robotics engineer overseeing the activities. [More at link, click image below to enlarge it]

CREATOR: gd-jpeg v1.0 (using IJG JPEG v62), default quality

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HiRISE: At the summit of Jovis Tholus

ESP_054651_1985At the summit of Jovis Tholus. Jovis Tholus is a volcano in the Tharsis region and is about 58 kilometers in diameter. Our image only shows a portion of the summit.

HiRISE Picture of the Day archive [More at links]

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Field test: Robotic rover collects subsurface samples with patchy, specialized microbial life

atacama-rover[Editor’s note: From a paper by Kimberley Warren-Rhodes and eight co-authors recently published in Frontiers in Microbiology.]

Subsurface Microbial Habitats in an Extreme Desert Mars-Analog Environment

Sediments in the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert are a terrestrial analog to Mars regolith. Understanding the distribution and drivers of microbial life in the sediment may give critical clues on how to search for biosignatures on Mars.

Here, we identify the spatial distribution of highly specialized bacterial communities in previously unexplored depth horizons of subsurface sediments to a depth of 800 mm. We deployed an autonomous rover in a mission-relevant Martian drilling scenario with manual sample validation.

Subsurface communities were delineated by depth related to sediment moisture. Geochemical analysis indicated soluble salts and minerology that influenced water bio-availability, particularly in deeper sediments. Colonization was also patchy and uncolonized sediment was associated with indicators of extreme osmotic challenge.

The study identifies linkage between biocomplexity, moisture and geochemistry in Mars-like sediments at the limit of habitability and demonstrates feasibility of the rover-mounted drill for future Mars sample recovery. [More at link]

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MARCI weather report, February 18-24, 2019

MARCI-February-22-2019For the past week on Mars, dust storms and water ice clouds continued to crop up along the edge of the seasonal north polar ice cap. The plains of Amazonis, Chryse, and Utopia also experienced some local-scale dust lifting as a result of north polar activity. Focusing our attention to the cratered highlands of the south, most regions were inactive — apart from some occasional transient dust storms spotted… [More at link, including video]

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THEMIS: Protonilus Mensae in false color

Protonilus Mensae in false color (THEMIS_IOTD_20190228)THEMIS Image of the Day, February 28, 2019. The hills in this false-color VIS image are part of Protonilus Mensae.

These hills, located between the relative highlands of Terra Sabaea and the lowlands of Vastitas Borealis, most likely formed by the erosion of Terra Sabaea surface. Several flow like features originating within the hills may have been created by glacial action.

The THEMIS VIS camera contains 5 filters. The data from different filters can be combined in multiple ways to create a false color image. These false color images may reveal subtle variations of the surface not easily identified in a single band image.

Explore more THEMIS Images of the Day by geological subject.

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HiRISE: Blink and you’ll miss them

ESP_054649_2080Blink and you’ll miss them. The dust devil tracks in this image have faded considerably since an earlier image, something we wanted to measure. If you look to the lower left and center, you can still see some of them.

HiRISE Picture of the Day archive [More at links]

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THEMIS: Arabia Terra crater dunes

Arabia Terra crater dunes in false color (THEMIS_IOTD_20190227)THEMIS Image of the Day, February 27, 2019. This VIS image shows the floor of an unnamed crater in Arabia Terra. The peaks in the center of the crater floor were formed by the rebound of melted rock at the time of the impact.

There are individual sand dunes in the southern half of the crater. The dark blue tone in this filter combination indicates that the dunes are made of basaltic sand.

The THEMIS VIS camera contains 5 filters. The data from different filters can be combined in multiple ways to create a false color image. These false color images may reveal subtle variations of the surface not easily identified in a single band image.

Explore more THEMIS Images of the Day by geological subject.

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HiRISE: Diverse lithologies of the Fourth Planet

ESP_054644_1960-2Diverse lithologies of the Fourth Planet. This nice image is located in Syrtis Major, right next to Isidis Planitia and south of the Nili Fossae formations. On Mars.

HiRISE Picture of the Day archive [More at links]

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THEMIS: Chryse Planitia in false color

Chryse Planitia in false color (THEMIS_IOTD_20190226)THEMIS Image of the Day, February 26, 2019. The brighter region at the bottom of this VIS image is the relative highlands of Arabia Terra, while the rest of the image shows Chryse Plainitia. The boundary between the two regions is a large change in elevation as well as differences in surface texture.

The THEMIS VIS camera contains 5 filters. The data from different filters can be combined in multiple ways to create a false color image. These false color images may reveal subtle variations of the surface not easily identified in a single band image.

Explore more THEMIS Images of the Day by geological subject.

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Latest weather at Gale Crater and Elysium Planitia

Daily Elysium charts and data (temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure) here.

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